Posttransplant cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: case reports and review of the association of calcineurin inhibitor use with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease risk.

BACKGROUND Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma occurring in the context of posttransplant immunosuppression is rare, with 27 cases documented to date. OBSERVATIONS We report 2 new cases of posttransplant cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in patients treated at our institution. Both were male recipients of renal transplants who had undergone transplantation a mean of 5.3 years previously and were taking various multidrug immunosuppressive regimens, including cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. CONCLUSIONS These cases underscore the association of posttransplant cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with renal transplantation, cyclosporine and tacrolimus therapy, male sex, and later onset compared with B-cell posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. Relative to the general population, the incidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma seems increased among transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive medications.